Liberal Democracy: Definition, Characteristics, and Background
Liberal democracy is a political system that adheres to individual freedom, here is a complete explanation of liberal democracy which includes the understanding, characteristics, background and understanding of liberal democracy in Indonesia, For more details see the discussion below.
Understanding Liberal Democracy
Liberal democracy was first put forward in the Enlightenment by the initiators of social contract theory. During the Cold War, the term liberal democracy contrasted with Communism of the People's Republic. Today, constitutional democracy is generally compared to direct democracy or participatory democracy.
Characteristics of Liberal Democracy
The characteristics of liberal democracy in general. including;
1. Religion Is Their Own Business
In a country that adheres to the understanding of liberal democracy, religion or belief is the business of each individual in the country. Liberal democracy believes that a person's religion or belief governs his relationship with God so that only that person has the right to regulate and know it. The following is a description of the religious characteristics of their respective affairs, as follows;
Countries that embrace liberal democracy are more likely to prioritize personal interests, especially in the community environment. As is known, a country that embraces liberal democracy has a very individualistic society in its daily life.
A country that adopts a liberal democratic system prioritizes human rights related to individual freedom. Keep in mind, the liberal is an ideology or philosophy that bases an understanding that upholds freedom.
4. Have Two Community Groups
In a country that embraces democracy, in social life, there are two groups that determine the course of state policy. These two groups of people are called the majority group and the minority group. The two groups live side by side with a country that embraces liberal democracy.
5. Limitation of Minority Freedom
Although the state adheres to the concept of democracy which upholds human rights related to freedom, the freedom of minority groups is restricted. However, the restrictions imposed are not on personal rights but rights relating to groups such as:
As explained in the previous point, the majority group is a group that has the power both in government and in society.
7. Decisions are made based on majority votes
In carrying out the life of a democratic country that embraces liberal democracy, most decisions are used as determinants when determining decisions related to policy.
Background of Liberal Democracy
After the dissolution of the RIS, in 1950 the Republic of Indonesia implemented a liberal parliamentary democracy by adopting a parliamentary system from the west, and this period was called the Liberal Democracy Period.
Indonesia is divided into 10 provinces that have autonomy and based on the Provisional Constitution of 1950 which also has a liberal breath. As a result of the implementation of the constitution, the Indonesian government is run on a council of ministers (cabinet) led by a prime minister and responsible to the parliament (DPR).
Understanding Liberal Democracy in Indonesia
The governance mechanism has many types, but only has two basic forms, namely direct and representative. The definition of direct democracy is when decision making or policy directly involves the people. The characteristics of each person represent himself in order to give an opinion on the policy to be taken.
As for the form of representation, its characteristic is that the people must elect their representatives in parliament to have an opinion and submit a decision. In the history of Indonesia, there have been two types, namely liberal, such as in the Natsir cabinet, Wilopo, to Djuanda, and led like a government after the issuance of a presidential decree on July 5, 1959.
As before, Indonesia has experienced a period in which the government operates in a liberal democratic system. The system in Indonesia which was once operated as during the Sukiman cabinet period means that every citizen has constitutional freedom from government authority. The characteristics of government decisions and policies are entirely limited to the constitution in force in a country. In this governance mechanism, decisions and policies must not violate individual rights and independence as stipulated in the country's constitution.
Liberal democracy is a political system that adheres to individual freedom.Constitutionally, this can be interpreted as individual rights from government power. In liberal democracies, majority decisions are imposed on most areas of government policy which are subject to restrictions so that government decisions do not violate independence and individual rights as stated in the constitution.
Liberal democracy was first put forward in the Enlightenment by the initiators of social contract theory. During the Cold War, the term liberal democracy contrasted with Communism of the People's Republic. Today, constitutional democracy is generally compared to direct democracy or participatory democracy.
Characteristics of Liberal Democracy
The characteristics of liberal democracy in general. including;
1. Religion Is Their Own Business
In a country that adheres to the understanding of liberal democracy, religion or belief is the business of each individual in the country. Liberal democracy believes that a person's religion or belief governs his relationship with God so that only that person has the right to regulate and know it. The following is a description of the religious characteristics of their respective affairs, as follows;
- If you go to several countries that embrace liberal democracy in the government system and in social life, do not ever ask about the religion of the people who live there.
- Besides being considered offensive, it can also be questioned because it interferes with other people's private matters.
- If in Indonesia religious life is regulated by law, then in a country that embraces liberal democracy, religious life is the business of each individual.
Countries that embrace liberal democracy are more likely to prioritize personal interests, especially in the community environment. As is known, a country that embraces liberal democracy has a very individualistic society in its daily life.
- Prioritizing personal interests in a country that embraces democracy has a certain meaning.
- The most easily understood meaning is the priority of personal interests over other interests.
- Therefore, personal rights take precedence in upholding human rights in countries that embrace liberal democracy.
A country that adopts a liberal democratic system prioritizes human rights related to individual freedom. Keep in mind, the liberal is an ideology or philosophy that bases an understanding that upholds freedom.
4. Have Two Community Groups
In a country that embraces democracy, in social life, there are two groups that determine the course of state policy. These two groups of people are called the majority group and the minority group. The two groups live side by side with a country that embraces liberal democracy.
5. Limitation of Minority Freedom
Although the state adheres to the concept of democracy which upholds human rights related to freedom, the freedom of minority groups is restricted. However, the restrictions imposed are not on personal rights but rights relating to groups such as:
- The existence of minority groups.
- Submitting legal assistance to minority groups.
As explained in the previous point, the majority group is a group that has the power both in government and in society.
7. Decisions are made based on majority votes
In carrying out the life of a democratic country that embraces liberal democracy, most decisions are used as determinants when determining decisions related to policy.
Background of Liberal Democracy
After the dissolution of the RIS, in 1950 the Republic of Indonesia implemented a liberal parliamentary democracy by adopting a parliamentary system from the west, and this period was called the Liberal Democracy Period.
Indonesia is divided into 10 provinces that have autonomy and based on the Provisional Constitution of 1950 which also has a liberal breath. As a result of the implementation of the constitution, the Indonesian government is run on a council of ministers (cabinet) led by a prime minister and responsible to the parliament (DPR).
Understanding Liberal Democracy in Indonesia
The governance mechanism has many types, but only has two basic forms, namely direct and representative. The definition of direct democracy is when decision making or policy directly involves the people. The characteristics of each person represent himself in order to give an opinion on the policy to be taken.
As for the form of representation, its characteristic is that the people must elect their representatives in parliament to have an opinion and submit a decision. In the history of Indonesia, there have been two types, namely liberal, such as in the Natsir cabinet, Wilopo, to Djuanda, and led like a government after the issuance of a presidential decree on July 5, 1959.
As before, Indonesia has experienced a period in which the government operates in a liberal democratic system. The system in Indonesia which was once operated as during the Sukiman cabinet period means that every citizen has constitutional freedom from government authority. The characteristics of government decisions and policies are entirely limited to the constitution in force in a country. In this governance mechanism, decisions and policies must not violate individual rights and independence as stipulated in the country's constitution.
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